“Particle engineering plays a pivotal role in addressing bioavailability issues,” says Henriques. As a vast proportion of the development pipeline is now incorporating compounds with low aqueous solubility and permeability, addressing bioavailability is forming a significant part of development approaches. “With drug particles or particle assemblies being the crucial component of solid dosage forms, which represent the vast majority of all medicines, it has become clear that ‘drug particles are of the essence’ when designing quality, safe, and efficacious medicines,” agrees Peter York, chief scientist at CrystecPharma.Ĭritical attributes, such as a drug’s solid state, particle size, and morphology, all impact a drug’s bioavailability, remarks João Henriques, group leader-Drug Product Development, Hovione. “Therefore, particle engineering is equally important for achieving desirable bulk powder properties, properties associated with the consistent manufacture of a drug product of acceptable quality, for example, a tablet with the required hardness,” he says. “A relatively simple example would be controlling the particle size of an active to influence dissolution rate and by extension bioavailability.”Īdditionally, particle size, along with other properties, influences bulk powder properties, Clayton continues. “In formulation and development, both active and excipient particles can be engineered to tailor the performance/efficacy of the drug product,” confirms Jamie Clayton, operations director, Freeman Technology (a Micromeritics company). The size of a particle will have an effect on the delivery of a drug, the route of administration-particularly in cases where an inhaled formulation is being developed-and will impact the rate at which a drug is metabolized in the body. Uses Gravity mode.Particle engineering plays a vital role in optimizing a drug’s effectiveness.
ParticleExplosion: Point particle system.
ParticleFireworks: Point particle system.
Just like with all of the other classes we have worked with so far we use the create() method: // create by plist file auto particleSystem = ParticleSystem::create( "ist") Īre you ready to add particle effects to your game? We hope so! Are you not yetĬomfortable with creating custom particle effects? For ease of convenience thereĪre a number of built-in particle effects that you can choose from. plist file that you can read in with Cocos2d-x to use your creation inside your game. Particle2dx: An online web particle designer.V-play particle editor: A cross-platform particle editor for Cocos2d-x.Particle Designer: A very powerful particle effects editor on Mac.Effekseer: Effekseer is a tool editing particle effects.
There are several third party tools for creating Here are a few examples of particle effects:Įven though you can always create particle effects by hand, massaging each Some realistic examples might include highly chaotic systems, natural phenomena, or processes caused by chemical reactions. Technique that uses a large number of very small sprites or other graphic objects to simulate certain kinds of fuzzy phenomena, which are otherwise very hard to reproduce with conventional rendering techniques. The term particle system refers to a computer graphics How would you make such complex effects? Is it even possible? Yes, it is. Perhaps your game needs effects like burning fire, spell casting visuals or explosions.